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Musings on the History of Area Codes

The Area Code was well established by the time I was starting to learn phone numbers. I do remember having an area code change on me as a kid in Southern California, and remember when, after moving to Denver, we went through the “trauma” of overlaying the new 720 on the classic 303, which ushered in local 10-digit dialing.

But what fascinates me most about area codes today is the extent to which they no longer (on mobile phones, at least) reflect where you are, but where you are originally from (or even where you want to be seen as being from). As I’ve been doing a lot more entering of phone numbers into my contacts list, I’ve been fascinated by “Oh, he’s got a 513 mobile number — I wonder where he originally got that?” (Cincinnati)

Indeed, with persistent phone numbers carried over time and even across carriers, phone number has become a sort of voluntary persistent user ID. A number of systems (esp. ones designed around mobile devices) use that mobile number to identify you, something that works until you decide to change it (or if you’re using off-the-shelf reloadable phones — an interesting economic distinction in the making).

What fascinates me almost as much is how, that aspect aside, nobody much cares any more. I know my home number, my mom’s home number (because it used to be mine), my mobile number, and my wife’s mobile number (again, because it used to be mine). (I also still remember the phone number of the house we lived in growing up.) Everything else is in a contacts list of some sort, programmed into the phone, or otherwise memorized by a machine. I have to look up my kid’s mobile number all the time, just to be sure I’m writing it down on a form correctly. When/if we ever have to add an additional digit to the North American Numbering Plan, nobody will really have to sweat it.




The Unexpected Logic Behind Area Codes
Why aren’t they laid out in an obvious way, like ZIP Codes are?

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Can one separate the Art from the Artist?

Start with the premise that People Are People. Everyone, even great creators, profound philosophers, brilliant leaders … everyone has feet of clay, personality aspects that are troubling, dubious, or even just simply annoying.

Is the greatness of such people weakened by, or in spite of, those flaws.

As a guy with an historical bent, this is always a question. To what extent do we look at the reprehensible aspects of an historic personality, particularly those that are reprehensible by modern standards, and use that to inform our views of their other achievements?

Thomas Jefferson was a spendthrift, a man who could be be offended by petty things, and a slaveholder who had children by at least one of his slaves. On the other hand, he crafted seminal writings on freedom, liberty, and independence in the founding of our country — including, ironically, an attack on King George III on the slave trade. How do we blend those different aspects of Jefferson into a simple thumbs-up or thumbs-down?

Teddy Roosevelt was a progressive icon, a man who broke the hold (for a time) of business interest rule over the Republican Party and the nation’s laws. Teddy Roosevelt also held some (certainly from a modern perspective) deplorable views about different races. Do I think he should remain on, or be chiseled off of, Mt. Rushmore?

Fast forward to today. As we look at Hollywood creators (or, as in the article’s case, a modern poet), to what extent do we judge or reject their art based on what we learn about their personal lives?

This has nuances, too — there are actors, artists, musicians, writers, whose work I enjoy, but who hold political opinions I find irksome at best, abhorrent at worst. These are not people who have committed crimes (or profoundly disturbing acts), but simply hold opinions I find, let us say, deplorable. Do I still enjoy their work, or does my opinion of the person bleed into my feeling about the creation? Do I buy their books and so support them and their causes?

In the case of the current Hollywood crowd under accusation of sexual impropriety and assault, an additional feature is wanting to keep them from being in a position to further perpetuate their antisocial and violating behavior. A director who groped people on the set, or demanded sexual favors off the set, should be kept out of such positions of power, even if not capable of being tossed in the hoosegow. If that means no more movies from that director, so be it.

But does that mean one needs to ever after shun that director’s movies already made to date?

Bill Cosby’s early stand-up routines are comedy gold. Bill Cosby evidently committed sexual assault. I would not pay a penny to go see Cosby perform now, because I would not reward him with even a fraction of my penny.

But if I have a recording of Cosby’s brilliant routine about Noah, should I delete it out of solidarity with his victims? (Can I, on the other hand, listen to it without thinking about his subsequent crimes?) (And, yeah, his revealed behavior gives a whole new, and much darker, perspective on his Adam and Eve “C’mere, c’mere, c’mere, g’way, g’way, g’way” piece.)

Charlie Rose did some remarkable, insightful, interesting interviews. Should those interviews now be disappeared because Rose turns out to have been a rather ugly individual when not doing his interviews? It’s one thing to fire him from doing further work and exposing more people to him in a position of power. It’s another thing to say, “All his work is tainted, and so should be rejected.”

I don’t have a clean answer to any of this. For historic personages, I tend to say, “What did they do for which they are famous?” (thus shielding Jefferson, whose reputation is based not on his slave-holding but writing the Declaration of Independence and the Virginia Declaration of Religious Freedom). For modern personages, I tend toward “Protect future victims, but enjoy the created art for what it is, not who made it.”

But I can think of exceptions for all of those, and it’s more difficult to extract the the creator from the creation, emotionally, than those simple rubrics allow.

The real world is messy.

[As a side note. NPR’s headline characterizing Pound’s pro-Axis broadcasts and calls for “yids” to be legally killed, as well as FDR, as “politics” seems a bit of a stretch for purpose of alliteration.]




Do Politics Matter In Poetry? New Biography Explores The Case Of Ezra Pound
A central figure in 20th century poetry, Pound was also an outspoken fascist. In The Bughouse, Daniel Swift investigates whether or not the poet’s politics and madness matter to his work.

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North Korean hostility to the US is not just about tyranny and lies

During the Korean “police action,” US strategic bombing of the North killed an estimated (by the US) one fifth of the population.

One might argue that the populations of Germany, or Japan, or even North Vietnam might have a similar grievance. But there’s a crucial difference: the Korean conflict never officially ended, one way or the other.

For Germany and Japan, they lost, big-time. They were occupied. Their history was written by the victors, and with admission (reluctant or otherwise) of the crimes and aggression of the losers that triggered and perpetuated the conflict they eventually lost.

For North Vietnam, the war brought eventual victory over the South and, by proxy, the Americans.

For North Korea, though, the war never ended — and, yes, this is where the tyranny and lies come into play, as the Kim regime has endlessly beat the drum for six decades that the Americans (and the South) started the war, that the North (handwaving China) beat them back with horrific (true) losses, but that the Americans (and the South) might attack again at any time.

In such a climate, the loss of 20% of the population, and the economic devastation that resulted, makes the North Koreans understandably anti-American — and, given that bombing, not without justification, regardless of who started the war or the zaniness and homicidal tyranny of their government ever since that time.




The U.S. war crime North Korea won’t forget – The Washington Post
Pyongyang’s hatred of America is partly based on U.S. actions during the Korean War.

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Trump’s disdain for Native Americans isn’t limited to all the “Pocahontas” jabs

And he’s moving to express it with all available speed. After all, there’s Obama Era actions to undo, oil and gas interests to pay back, and environmentalists and minorities to torque off. The man’s on a schedule people!

…[T]the president will visit Salt Lake City, Utah, next Monday to announce that he’s shrinking national monuments of huge importance to Native Americans. Without visiting the monuments he’s targeted, Trump is expected to announce his decision on a review conducted by Interior Secretary Ryan Zinke. He reportedly told Sen. Orrin Hatch (R-Utah) that he will shrink the 1.35 million acres Bears Ears and 1.9 million acres Grand Staircase-Escalante monuments to a fraction of their original sizes.

More specifically, Bears Ears will be cut to 100,000 to 300,000 acres; Grand Staircase-Escalante National Monument will be shrunk in half, to between 700,000 and 1.2 million acres.

But take the long view, folks. I’m sure that when coal, oil, and gas interests are done, and other business interests have had their go at the territory, everyone will agree that the areas outside the redrawn monuments won’t be worth preserving.




After insulting Native Americans, Trump goes after their sacred land
Ancient rock carvings, burial grounds, and ceremonial sites are all at stake.

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The more things change

A reprint of an Art Buchwald column from 1973 about things Nixon supporters could (and did) say in response to attacks on Nixon during the Watergate crisis.

Stop me if these sound familiar …


6. The Democrats are sore because they lost the election.
7. Are you going to believe a rat like John Dean or the president of the United States?
8. Wait till all the facts come out.
9. What about Chappaquiddick?
10. If you impeach Nixon, you get Agnew.

Now to be fair, none of these are exclusive to defenders of Nixon or Trump … but the laundry list of kneejerk responses is remarkably similar to the present case.




Oh yeah? Well, what about Chappaquiddick?
A column written by the immortal Art Buchwald about Watergate-era Nixon defenders has a certain resonance as Robert Mueller’s investigation proceeds.

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The Rise and Fall of Turtle as Food

Interesting quick culinary history about how turtles went from expensive delicacy to standard to … completely off the menu. And the reasons for the latter aren’t just about endangered species.

(I have no particular interest in eating turtle, but its still kind of curious how things changed over the course of a few centuries.)




Why have Americans stopped eating turtle?
America has a food diversity problem. Chicken, pork, and beef account for many of the animal proteins found on our dinner table—the product of decades of agricultural industrialization—and this has left us with cheaper but more limited options at the butcher’s counter. Once a year we all sit down to eat turkey, but when was the last time you had snipe, mutton, or rabbit?

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The Fine China Conundrum

(See also the “Fine Crystal” “Sterling Silver Utensil” Conundrum.)

It seems like there is something of a weather change in American generations, driven in part by economics (and associated reduction in sizes of homes), culture (what is considered “special” and how do we celebrate it), and aesthetics (“OMG, those are hideous!”). The fine china (et al.) of previous generations is coming available as those generations pass on (or even just move into smaller dwellings themselves), and their successors really don’t have much interest.

We’re seeing this ourselves, though we’re just on the other side of that cusp. We did the whole china / crystal pattern wedding register thing when we got married in the mid-90s (both of us brought inherited silver to the marriage). Having those sorts of place settings for special occasions was just part of the tradition of each of our families.

(I also have a set of china from my first marriage, which, for some reason, I don’t think we’ve ever used.)

As Margie’s folks downsized to move into a retirement community, we ended up with an additional set of china (which is good, because our wedding-purchased one really does not work with Thanksgiving colors), but as my Mom gets ready to do the same thing, she’s faced with figuring out what she is going to do with hers.

She has two sets of china. One was the wedding gift set, the other was a set of Noritake Dad picked up for cheap in Japan when he was in the Navy. She almost (?) never uses them any more, and is even less likely to do so at her new home. My brother isn’t interested. I’m not interested enough in those particular patterns to want them, either.

On the other hand, just getting rid of them seems an awful waste.

And there will be the next generation. Like I said, we have two (three) sets. Will our kid want any of them? I don’t know. Possibly, as we’ve not been the sorts that Never Ever Use the China Because If You Use It It Might Get Broken. As the article notes, family heirlooms are valued when they actually have memories associated with them. I enjoy pulling out the china and crystal and silver if we’re having a holiday dinner, or a special occasion dinner, or just plain old people over. That celebratory association might stick with the offspring.

Or it might not, and we’ll eventually need to figure out what local charity to send it off to (whether Replacements.com is offering enough money to be worth it).

Interesting thoughts.




What should young people do with Grandma’s china?
I call my Oma, who lives in Florida, to ask how her Thanksgiving was. We talk only for 15 minutes because she needs to get back to the lebkuchen she’s baking for a church Christmas fundraiser. She tells me her Thanksgiving was small but nice; she made Cornish hens for everyone instead of a huge turkey. She’s like this, traditional at times but flexible and pragmatic at others.

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In today’s face-palming Trump news

The President held an Oval Office event commemorating the few surviving WW2 Navaho Code Talkers.

He did it all standing in front of a portrait of Andrew Jackson, the man who ordered mass forced relocation of Native Americans from the Southeast along what became known as the “Trail of Tears.”

And he decided it was the perfect occasion to refer to Sen. Elizabeth Warren as “Pocahontas” again.

All it missed was his raising his hand and saying “How” in greeting to the Navajo there.

I mean, honestly, it’s hard to decide if he’s more offensive or more embarrassing.




Trump Brings Up ‘Pocahontas’ At Event Honoring Navajo Code Talkers : NPR

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Iron Lungs

Iron Lungs are breathing assistance devices that were used to enable polio victims to survive. As polio recedes into memory here in the US (enough so that a lot of people have stopped vaccinating their kids for it, which might mean a sudden epidemic could bring it back big time), the number of people using iron lungs here has dwindled to just a tiny handful.

Here are some of their stories.




The Last of the Iron Lungs
Martha Lillard spends half of every day with her body encapsulated in a half-century old machine that forces her to breathe. Only her head sticks out of the end of the antique iron lung. On the other side, a motorized lever pulls the leather bellows, creating negative pressure that induces her lungs to suck in air.

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The Camels of London

We have this odd idea in our heads of ancient times being static and isolated. But trade from one end of Europe to the Near East was hardly unknown, especially during the Roman period. There’s absolutely nothing unbelievable about the remains of camels (both Dromedary and Bactrian) being found throughout Europe. And it’s a very cool thought.




Were there camels in Roman Britain? A brief note on the nature and context of the London camel remains
The following note looks briefly at the question of camels in Roman Britain. Recent work has demonstrated that both dromedaries (or Arabian camels) and Bactrian camels were indeed in use across much of Europe during the Roman…

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The Sphinx

The Sphinx, and the other sites in Giza, are definitely on my bucket list.

Here’s a current survey of what we know about how this remarkable sculpture came to be.




Uncovering Secrets of the Sphinx
After decades of research, American archaeologist Mark Lehner has some answers about the mysteries of the Egyptian colossus

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On tearing down statues and worries about the future iconoclasm

So this is a good article, countering the suggestion and the logic behind it that if we take down public park statues to Robert E. Lee we will, perforce, end up taking down statues to George Washington.

And it occurs to me that, well, yeah, that might happen. And there’s nothing we can do today that will stop the future from taking down statues (or putting up statues) that we disagree with.

I mean, will the great Uprising Against Euro-Hegemony in 2067 really turn away from taking down statues to 18th Century slaveholders because in 2017 we decided against taking down statues of 19th Century slave system protectors? It seems doubtful, any more than our having erected statues on the Washington Mall only to the greatest of our Presidents will keep the 2067 Cult of Maga from demanding a statue to Donald Trump be put there.

The future is the future. It will work on its own logic and illogic. I hope that statues to George Washington don’t get taken down — but other statues have been removed when society got tired of them or felt the figures were no longer worthy of memorializing or worship — that was their decision, whether I agree with it now or not. Statues have been erected that I don’t agree with, either, and doubtless will in the future.

The only argument to be had, right here and now, is what we consider important to continue memorializing, right here and now. Having a long-term perspective is fine, and I’m willing to weight “that thing has been here for a hundred years” more than some folk are, but I can’t begin to argue that’s some sort of objective value that everyone should agree with.

To summarize:

1. As the article suggests, there is a significant difference between taking down statues to people who supported an armed rebellion against the United States in defense of chattel slavery and taking down statues to people who, incidental to their lives, practiced the custom of the time in holding slaves (or any number of other now-disdained practices).

2. While I can agree fully with No. 1, I can’t guarantee that people in twenty or fifty or a hundred years will feel the same. But those arguments will have to happen when they happen. My opinions today won’t trump the opinions of the people tomorrow who will be faced with such decisions.

3. Suggesting that no statue should ever be taken down because then any statue might be taken down is both a truism and absolutely no guide to whether to take a statue down. Ultimately it becomes a demand that the future hold precisely the same values as the present, which might sound comforting but , honestly, is not, and in either case is demonstrably highly unlikely.




No, Removing Monuments to Traitors Doesn’t Mean Removing Monuments to Founders
Confederate monuments don’t embody American history; they were built on lies about American history.

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Happy Birthday, Sherlock Holmes!

The Great Detective’s first story, “A Study in Scarlet,” was first published 130 years ago today.

Also, some interesting bits on Mormonism and Victorian England.




The Creator of Sherlock Holmes Was, Like Many Victorians, Fascinated by Mormons
The first story featuring iconic detective Sherlock Holmes, ‘A Study in Scarlet,’ was published on this day in 1887—and set in Mormon Utah

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The evolution of language is a lot more complex that even linguists have thought

The growing use of massive corpus databases to examine how language evolves over time is providing some very cool looks at that complexity — and demonstrating, once again, that language is always evolving, despite people’s attempts to set Hard, Fast Rules for How Things Ought To Be.




The Randomness of Language Evolution – The Atlantic
English is shaped by more than natural selection.

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Compromising compromise and the lessons of history

Which just goes to show that even the “adult in the room” can say some doltish things.

Now, I like to think of myself as a reasonable, get-along sort of guy, and I’m often able to find room to compromise between what I want and what others want. Not always gracefully, I confess, but compromise is at the root of living in a society.

This metaphor starts to break down over scale and principle, though. Yes, ultimately all conflicts come down to an inability of one side or the other or both to compromise. The American Revolution came about because the North American colonists and the British Parliament were unable to compromise on issues like taxation and representation. [1] The War of 1812 came about because US and British unresolved conflicts from 1789, and pressures between the US and the UK because of France, and issues with impressment of American sailors by British naval ships failed to be compromised about.

Were these tragic failures of compromise?

Scooting forward a century and change, certainly efforts were made to compromise with Hitler — these were labeled appeasement, which is often the same thing. France and England didn’t have to declare war over Poland. Germany — and Japan — might have occupied a number of countries without it turning into the massive global conflict, all due to lack of compromise by both the Axis and the Allies.

Let’s roll back to the Civil War, though. It’s critical to note the root cause for that conflict — slavery — and that the US (and, more importantly, the slave population) suffered from compromise on this issue from the very beginning: the debate over the Declaration of Independence and the insistence by southern states that an anti-slavery clause be dropped from it. The US Constitution included the notorious 3/5 compromise (slaves, which could not vote, counted as 3/5 of a person for purpose of state representation in Congress and the Electoral College, thus ensuring that southern states had an outsized influence in US governance for many decades). The Missouri Compromise over the spread of slavery into new states was another example of such compromise.

Was compromise over slavery worth it? Was, ultimately, the unwillingness of Northerners, for whatever reason, to compromise in allowing slavery to spread further really something to we wish hadn’t happened? Or that the Union should have bid the South a hale farewell and left the secession at that (further compromising by turning over federal military installations like Ft Sumter)? Was Kelly suggesting that perhaps the Southern leaders ought to have compromised on their “peculiar institution” and its continuation?

At what point does compromise become appeasement? Or surrender? What principles ought not to be compromised, or can be compromised only so far until they cease to exist? When we’re talking something like chattel slavery, ninety years of compromise a good and praiseworthy thing?

For that matter, when’s the last time that Kelly’s boss ever publicly compromised on anything?

——

[1] Yes, I will be simplifying history here. Bear with me.




John Kelly Pins Civil War on a ‘Lack of Ability to Compromise’
The reaction was swift and unforgiving after Mr. Kelly, the White House chief of staff, resurrected the debate over the legacy of the Confederacy.

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Because OF COURSE Trump wanted to change Denali back to McKinley

I swear to God, if Obama had created National The-Sky-Is-Blue Day, Trump would overturn the order and make it National The-Sky-Is-Brown Day, just for spite. (Though, come to think of it, given his activities to date regarding coal and pollution standards …)




Alaska senators tell Trump not to change back name of mountain
Alaska lawmakers reportedly declined President Trump’s offer to change the name of North America’s largest mountain from Denali back to Mount McKinley.

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The True History of the False History of the “Lost Cause”

Ignatius Loyola, the founder the Jesuits, famously said in the 16th Century, “Give me the child for the first seven years and I will give you the man.”

The Daughters of the Confederacy took that lesson and ran with it, with effects that last down to the present day (and, sadly, will continue to last into an indefinite future).

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Mississippi school changes name from “Davis” to “Obama”

The Davis International Baccalaureate Elementary School in Jackson, Mississippi is changing, after a student body vote, from being named after Jefferson Davis to being named after Barack Obama.

Generally I oppose naming things after live people, but I can’t deny that the nominclature is a significant upgrade, esp. in a school district that is 96% African-American. Two other schools in the district are named after Confederate figures, and will also be renamed in the future.




School named after Confederacy’s only president renamed for Obama
A Mississippi school is shedding the name of the Confederacy’s only president and will instead be named for the first African-American president of the United States.

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True Geekdom and the Wyvern

I don’t listen to podcasts in general — I’ve just never found the right combo and cadence of devices and opportunity and process — but I often take a few minutes when +Stan Pedzick forwards these “GM Word of the Week” posts.

This one is glorious — an examination of the word “Wyvern” and the history behind it. In the grandest traditions of geekery and nerditude, it veers and meanders across a dozen different fields, through a dozen different digressions, and, most appropriately, starts with a discussion of the word “pedantry.”

It was more than worth 25 minutes of my life.

Originally shared by +Brian “Fiddleback” Casey:




Wyvern
Four Legs Good, Two Legs Bad

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Donald Trump comments on Indigenous Peoples Day

Well, indirectly. In his proclamation today for Columbus Day, he mentions the Native Americans … by omission. (Emphasis mine.)

Five hundred and twenty-five years ago, Christopher Columbus completed an ambitious and daring voyage across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas. The voyage was a remarkable and then-unparalleled feat that helped launch the age of exploration and discovery. The permanent arrival of Europeans to the Americas was a transformative event that undeniably and fundamentally changed the course of human history and set the stage for the development of our great Nation. Therefore, on Columbus Day, we honor the skilled navigator and man of faith, whose courageous feat brought together continents and has inspired countless others to pursue their dreams and convictions — even in the face of extreme doubt and tremendous adversity. More than five centuries after his initial voyage, we remember the “Admiral of the Ocean Sea” for building the critical first link in the strong and enduring bond between the United States and Europe.

Trump, like every US President, is required by 1934 law to proclaim this day in commemoration of Christopher Columbus. However, it’s possible to do so and acknowledge that, y’know, there were already some people here when Columbus arrived … and what happened to them for the next 500+ years wasn’t necessarily all that nifty as a “transformative event.” Obama, in 2015, for example, included in his proclamation:

Though these early travels expanded the realm of European exploration, to many they also marked a time that forever changed the world for the indigenous peoples of North America. Previously unseen disease, devastation, and violence were introduced to their lives — and as we pay tribute to the ways in which Columbus pursued ambitious goals — we also recognize the suffering inflicted upon Native Americans and we recommit to strengthening tribal sovereignty and maintaining our strong ties.

Trump, though, has no time for such politesse. He’s too busy praising Italian-American voters listeners.

While Isabella I and Ferdinand II of Spain sponsored his historic voyage, Columbus was a native of the City of Genoa, in present day Italy, and represents the rich history of important Italian American contributions to our great Nation. There can be no doubt that American culture, business, and civic life would all be much less vibrant in the absence of the Italian American community.

Of course, a hundred-plus years ago, Trump would have been one of the loudest voices complaining about all those Italians flooding into our country, with their weird and un-American religious practices, their murderous and lascivious ways, and their lazy work ethic. [1]

[h/t +John E. Bredehoft]

——

[1] That would have included both of my maternal grandparents’ families.




President Donald J. Trump Proclaims October 9, 2017, as Columbus Day
COLUMBUS DAY, 2017 – – – – – – – BY THE PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

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